The New Republic 1930-1937: A Political History of Brazil

Introduction

In his book "The New Republic 1930-1937: A Political History of Brazil," Edgard Carone provides a comprehensive and insightful analysis of the political developments in Brazil during the period following the overthrow of the Old Republic in 1930. Carone's work is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the origins and evolution of modern Brazil.

The Fall of the Old Republic

The Old Republic, which had been in power since 1889, was a period of relative stability and economic growth for Brazil. However, the country was also plagued by corruption, political instability, and social inequality. In 1930, a group of military officers and civilian politicians overthrew the Old Republic and established a new government, known as the New Republic.

The Rise of Getúlio Vargas

The New Republic was dominated by the figure of Getúlio Vargas, who served as president from 1930 to 1945. Vargas was a charismatic and authoritarian leader who implemented a number of social and economic reforms, including the creation of a minimum wage, the expansion of social security, and the promotion of industrialization. Vargas also played a key role in Brazil's entry into World War II on the side of the Allies.

The Estado Novo

In 1937, Vargas declared a state of emergency and established a dictatorship known as the Estado Novo. The Estado Novo was characterized by the suppression of political opposition, the censorship of the press, and the persecution of political dissidents. Vargas also used the Estado Novo to implement a number of economic policies that promoted industrialization and economic growth.

The End of the Estado Novo

The Estado Novo came to an end in 1945, when Vargas was overthrown by a military coup. The coup was led by a group of military officers who were opposed to Vargas's authoritarian rule. Vargas committed suicide shortly after being overthrown.

The Legacy of the New Republic

The New Republic was a period of great change and upheaval for Brazil. Vargas's reforms had a profound impact on the country's social, economic, and political development. The New Republic also saw the rise of new political movements, such as the Brazilian Communist Party and the National Liberation Alliance. These movements would play a key role in shaping Brazil's future.

Conclusion

Edgard Carone's "The New Republic 1930-1937: A Political History of Brazil" is a masterful work of scholarship that provides a deep understanding of one of the most important periods in Brazilian history. Carone's book is essential reading for anyone interested in Brazil, Latin America, or the history of the twentieth century.